Drowning Statistics

The recent drownings are part of a larger trend, as thousands of drowning incidents occur each year in the U.S. Between 2020 and 2022, more than 4,500 people drowned annually—a troubling increase from previous years, as reported by the CDC. Drowning remains the leading cause of death for children aged 1–4 and the second leading cause for those aged 5–15. However, adults, particularly those over 65, are also at significant risk.

Certain factors, such as pre-existing medical conditions and demographic variables, can elevate the likelihood of drowning. Notably, males, as well as Black and Native American individuals, are at higher risk than their white counterparts. For those over 15, most drownings occur in natural bodies of water rather than swimming pools, with incidents peaking during summer months when people flock to cool off.

To prevent drowning, consider these measures:

• Learn to swim
• Ensure children are adequately supervised
• Use physical barriers around pools
• Only swim in areas with lifeguards present
• Be aware of water conditions
• Avoid mixing alcohol or substances with water activities
• Always wear a life jacket while boating

Unfortunately, these guidelines often overlook how individuals react in emergencies.

Learning to Swim Isn't Enough

While swimming skills are essential, recalling and applying this knowledge can be challenging in moments of panic. A recent study in the Health Promotion Journal of Australia explored the experiences of rip current survivors, many of whom panicked despite being capable swimmers.

Participants reported instinctively swimming against the current towards the shore, contrary to well-established safety advice to swim parallel to the shore. One survivor noted, “I wasted a lot of energy trying to paddle straight back to shore, but panic took over, overriding my instinct to swim sideways.”

To improve drowning prevention strategies, researchers recommend focusing on panic responses and incorporating calming messages like “stay calm” or “relax.”

Engaging in Play

I recently observed a group of teenagers enjoying a lively game of water basketball. They laughed, splashed, and dove under the water without showing signs of anxiety. Their comfort in the water is a vital skill that could save lives.

Coach and author Sara McLarty emphasizes the importance of being at ease in the water, suggesting that individuals should take moments to check in with themselves: “Can you float and breathe without moving? Are you comfortable? Can you switch strokes? Can you relax? Can you enjoy playing in the water?”

For triathletes, who often face chaotic swimming conditions, mastering relaxation and skills like treading water is crucial. These fundamental skills are essential for survival, not just for competitive swimmers.

A Shift in Perspective

Perhaps instead of asking “Can you swim?”, we should ask, “Can you play?” A Red Cross survey revealed that while 80% of Americans claim they can swim, only 46% can perform five basic swimming skills, such as:

1. Jumping into deep water.
2. Floating or treading water for one minute.
3. Turning to find an exit.
4. Swimming 25 yards to safety without stopping.
5. Exiting the water without a ladder.

The teens I observed demonstrated the first three skills effortlessly.

To enhance water safety, it’s important to practice basic skills. Dive into the deep end, attempt cannonballs, search for submerged treasures, or simply hang out and tread water. Get accustomed to water splashing in your face, not seeing where you're going, and feeling slightly out of control. These experiences are vital for honing water safety skills and combating panic.

Learn to swim, but remember to play as well.